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When participating recently in a sprint held at Google to document four free software projects, I thought about what might have prompted Google to invest in this effort. Their willingness to provide a hotel, work space, and food for some thirty participants, along with staff support all week long, demonstrates their commitment to nurturing open source.

Google is one of several companies for which I'll coin the term "closed core." The code on which they build their business and make their money is secret. (And given the enormous infrastructure it takes to provide a search service, opening the source code wouldn't do much to stimulate competition, as I point out in a posting on O'Reilly's radar blog). But they depend on a huge range of free software, ranging from Linux running on their racks to numerous programming languages and libraries that they've drawn on to develop their services.

So Google contributes a lot back to the free software community. The release code for many non-essential functions. They promote the adoption of standards such as HTML 5. They have been among the first companies to offer APIs for important functions, including their popular Google Maps. They have opened the source code to Android (although its development remains under their control), which has been the determining factor in making Android devices compete with the arguably more highly-functioning iOS products. They even created a whole new programming language (Go) and are working on another.

Google is not the only "closed core" company (for instance, Facebook has also built their service around APIs and released their Cassandra project). Microsoft has a whole open source program, including some important contributions to health IT. Scads of other companies, such as IBM, Hewlett Packard, and VMware, have complex relationships to open source software that don't fit a simple "open core" or "closed core" model. But the closed core trend represents a fertile collaboration between communities and companies that have businesses in specific areas. The closed core model requires businesses to determine where their unique value lies and to be generous in offering the public extra code that supports their infrastructure but does not drive revenue.

This model may prove more robust and lasting than open core, which attracts companies occupying minor positions in their industries. The shining example of open core is MySQL, but its complex status, including a long history of dual licensing and simultaneous development by several organizations, make it a difficult model from which to draw lessons about the whole movement. In particular, Software as a Service redefines the relationships that the free software movement has traditionally defined between open and proprietary. Deploying and monitoring the core SaaS software creates large areas for potential innovation, as we saw with Cassandra, where a company can benefit from turning their code into a community project.

Rapid7 secures new funding. Microsoft drops Dryad. And more.

# Rapid7 secured $50m in series C funding.

# Microsoft confirmed that it is ditching its Dryad project in favour of Apache Hadoop.

# Arun Murthy provided more details of Apache Hadop 0.23.

# The Google Plugin for Eclipse and GWT Designer projects are now fully open source.

# openSUSE released version 12.1.

# Amazon released the source code of the Kindle Fire.

# Black Duck Software joined the GENIVI Alliance.

# dotCloud announced the availability of the top three databases MySQL, MongoDB and Redis on its PaaS.

OpenStack Foundation. New Pentaho CEO. And more.

# Rackspace announced its intention to form an independent OpenStack Foundation.

# HP has chosen Ubuntu as the lead host and guest operating system for its Public Cloud.

# Pentaho appointed Quentin Gallivan as its new CEO.

# Hortonworks continued the discussion about contributions to Apache Hadoop.

# Bob Bickel explained why CloudBees is not, itself, open source.

# Google announced the limited preview release of Google Cloud SQL.

# Eucalyptus Systems, Nebula and Virtual Bridges joined the Linux Foundation.

# Dave Neary discussed the different types of community in relation to the Tizen project.

# Akamai joined the OpenStack community.

# Daniel Abadi provided his perspective on Oracle’s NoSQL Database.

# One more thing…
Apple’s relationship with open source may be somewhat tenuous – Paul Rooney provides some background – but given the impact Steve Jobs has made on the industry as a whole it seems wrong not to mark his passing in some way. We’ll leave the words to the company he created.

Google and Microsoft trade patent claims. Actuate announces Q2 results. And more.

# Google accused Microsoft, Oracle, Apple and other companies of organising a hostile patent campaign against Android. That prompted Microsoft executives to claim that Microsoft invited Google to be involved in the CPTN purchase of Novell’s patents. However, Google explained that joining CPTN might have decreased its ability to defend itself against potential patent claims.

# Actuate announced its Q2 financial results, including BIRT-related license business of $5.3m, up 130% year-over-year.

# Dell and Cloudera announced a combined hardware, software, support and services offering for Apache Hadoop.

# France and Tunisia have signed a joint declaration on governmental cooperation on open source software.

# Mitchell Baker explained the Mozilla Foundation’s Gecko project.

# VisionMobile published a report assessing the relative openness of Android, MeeGo, Linux, Qt, WebKit, Mozilla, Eclipse and Symbian.

# Sandro Groganz published an article on the benefits of the community for partners of open source vendors.

# Twitter announced plans to release its Storm distributed stream processing software as an open source project.

# Georg Greve discussed his perspective on freedom in the cloud.

# MySQL performance specialist Percona celebrated its fifth birthday, now with 50 employees and 1,200 customers.

Open Cloud Initiative launches. HP joins OpenStack. Oracle releases Java 7. And more.

# The Open Cloud Initiative launched to drive open standards in cloud computing.

# HP announced its support for OpenStack.

# Oracle announced the availability of Java SE 7. The Apache Software Foundation warned of index corruption and crashes in Apache Lucene and Solr.

# Nebula launched with plans for a turnkey OpenStack hardware appliance.

# Concurrent raised $900K in seed funding for Hadoop-based workflow engine.

# Couchbase and SQLite teamed up to create UnQL (Unstructured Query Language), a new data query language for unstructured data.

# Couchbase released a developer preview of Couchbase Server 2.0, combining CouchDB and Membase.

# OpenLogic published its scorecard to assess how well a particular Platform-as-a-Service offering meets the standard of ‘open’.

# Brian Proffitt asked can a commercial vendor lead a project as openly as a foundation?

# Gluster announced the Gluster Connector for OpenStack.

# Google released its LevelDB key value storage engine using the BSD license.

# SkySQL introduced SkySQL Recovery Manager, a MySQL backup and recovery offering powered by Zmanda.

# Metasploit announced the launch of Metasploit Pro 4.0.

# WANdisco partnered with CloudBees to offer Jenkins with WANdisco’s uberSVN application lifecycle management platform for Apache Subversion.

# Brian Proffitt reported on how innovation is the new draw of open source.

I wrote last year about the way Google’s Android mobile operating system was serving as a more open alternative to Apple’s iOS, but not so open that it didn’t leave opportunity for an even more open alternative.

Given that we continue to see software patent-based attacks on Android, as well as swirling FUD around coverage of the attacks and never ending suits and settlements and courtroom developments, it is clear it will be a long time before any of this legal business is ever close to settled, unless ended by settlements first, which is likely.

However, I’m more interested in the technology in the meantime. I also think it’s interesting to see, if not a ‘more open’ alternative emerging, at least another, ’somewhat open’ option in the tablet market, this being HP’s WebOS. It’s interesting that WebOS evolved from Palm, which HP acquired in March 2010 for $1.4 billion. Though Apple’s iPad is still the clear leader in tablets, it is interesting to see continuing signs that what happened in smartphones (where iPhone led and Android quickly caught up and then passed iOS) may be happening in tablets. There is also still the possibility that tablets may play out like netbooks, with wild popularity followed by a fade in favor of more traditional PCs for traditional PC needs. It is interesting to note that Google’s Eric Schmidt recently commented on the continued utility of PCs, which will remain key to professionals, consumers, and also developers, largely because of the tactical keyboard. What is most likely is continued convergence, and it will be interesting to see what ties emerge between WebOS and PCs as computer hardware giant HP rolls out the OS in tablets and smartphones.

We also see other signs that new, open entrants may be mixing things up in the mobile and converged device market, such as word of a possible Android and iOS competitor from Mozilla. There is yet another project that is already a factor in netbooks, other mobile devices and the burgeoning IT market of automobile information and entertainment systems, MeeGo, which is also open source. Even Research in Motion’s Playbook is based on the QNX operating system, for which source code was made available by its previous owner to make it more like the open source Linux OS, which was attracting developers and interesting customers.

We believed there was a fairly prominent place for open source software, open source operating systems and general openness in mobile software when we wrote our report, Mobility Matters three years ago, but we would have never guessed that the openness of this software would be so significant in two respects: defense from patent and other intellectual property attacks; the market power of open source, which draws in not only developers, but manufacturers and other third-parties. We’ve seen the speed and strength at which a project and community such as Android can grow. Will we now begin to see other alternatives that are even more open emerge as top choices among developers, hardware companies, wireless players and consumers? Never before have those alternatives really existed in the mobile software world, so it’s good at least to see the possibility is there.

Topics for this podcast:

*Oracle, Java, the Apache Software Foundation and open source
*An update on some open source database and data management players
*CorraTech grows with support for open source application alternatives
*Red Hat-Makara acquisition analysis and impact
*Linux kernel report shows strong support, but what now for Novell?

iTunes or direct download (29:31, 5.1MB)

The Apache Software Foundation’s latest statement on the Java Community Process highlights continued dissatisfaction and dissent from Oracle’s stewardship and involvement in open source software.

This comes after some ups and downs for Oracle and its oversight of Java and other open source software that was previously under the auspices of Sun Microsystems. Oracle started off on a rough path when it sued Google over its implementation of Java in Android without preemptively or clearly stating that it was not attacking open source. At about the same time, it let OpenSolaris die a slow, somewhat confusing death. Oracle won a point when IBM came out with its support in favor of the JCP and OpenJDK over Apache Harmony, and this contributes to the adversarial positioning between Oracle and the Apache Software Foundation. However, Oracle has also seen an erosion of open source support and confidence as OpenOffice.org developers have migrated away from Oracle, many to contribute to the new Libre Office project.

Oracle’s moves illustrate the company’s lack of complete understanding of open source and the value of open source software communities. While it appreciates and leverages open source as an effective, efficient software development approach, it does not truly see the value of providing software to a community and attaining benefits of efficiency, reach and innovation as a result. This is not to say that supporting an open source software community will automatically translate into commercial and community success (not the case with Symbian, for example), but Oracle does not appear to support community as a priority in its proprietary and admittedly successful software strategy.

MySQL can be an example of Oracle doing things right with open source, though we may see similar dissatisfaction and defection as Oracle moves further toward commercialization and further away from free, community software. Still, Oracle at least showed it could continue and contribute and support a successful open source project in the case of MySQL. The same may not be said for OpenSolaris, OpenOffice.org or, increasingly it appears, Java.

Here's your weekly helping of developer info:

The sudden but inevitable Apple news

Several pieces of news on the Apple front this week. First up: the Gold Master seed (which either sounds like something you plant to get nice apples, or something out of a bad SF eugenics novel) for iOS 4.2 dropped, signaling the green light for iPad/iPhone/iPod developers to submit 4.2-ready applications to the App Store. Traditionally, the pre-release to developers is followed about a week later by the general release, and is identical.

Meanwhile, continuing to muddy the waters about what is and isn't allowed on the iPhone, Adobe gave a sneak peak of a tool that converts Flash movies into standard HTML5 movies, thus making them viewable on iOS devices (and HTML5 browsers without Flash installed.)

And evidently the iPhone will be coming to Verizon in 2011. I'm sure you've already heard about it, I just didn't want to be the last journalist on the planet to report it. Is there such a thing as a secret at Apple anymore? At this point, if Apple had been in charge of the D-Day invasion, the Germans would have been waiting on the beach with gift baskets.

Motivations behind Oracle's Sun acquisition get clearer

So far this year, Oracle has sued Google over Java on the Android and pretty much killed off OpenSolaris. So what's next for Larry & Co.?

The answer came when 33 contributors from the OpenOffice project jumped ship for LibreOffice. Evidently, Oracle appeared to have little interest in putting much effort into OpenOffice. Decoding the corporate-speak from Oracle's PR department, the reaction to the defections so far might best be summed up as "Don't let the door hit your butt on the way out."

As former Sun projects acquired by Oracle drop like flies, it becomes possible to deduce what Oracle really bought Sun for simply by listing what's left: mainly MySQL and Sun's hardware business. Bets, anyone?

Is IE slowly heading toward minority status?

No one browser can take the credit, but Microsoft's Internet Explorer continues to slowly lose traffic share to Firefox, Chrome, and the other hungry young punks nipping at its heals. Now down to 59.25 percent of total browser usage, IE is a far cry from the heady days of 90-plus percent dominance. For all you AJAX and HTML5 developers out there, it should serve as a signal that the days of "This website requires Internet Explorer" need to be laid to rest for good, unless you like alienating 40 percent of your potential user base.

Another week, another platform

So, you say that developing for OS X, Windows, Linux, iOS, J2ME, HTML5 and Android isn't enough diversity to keep your mind occupied. Now you can add Chrome OS to that list. Vendors will soon release an onslaught of Chrome-powered netbooks, smartbooks and notebooks. Conventional wisdom is that the world doesn't need another notebook operating system, but conventional wisdom said the same thing about Android, and now everybody laughs at him at the water cooler at work. In other words, ignore Google at your peril.

That's it for this week. Suggestions are always welcome, so please send tips or news here.

The future of the JCP. A new Mozilla CEO. And more.

Follow 451 CAOS Links live @caostheory on Twitter and Identi.ca, and daily at Paper.li/caostheory
“Tracking the open source news wires, so you don’t have to.”

# Mike Milinkovich explained why the Eclipse Foundation will support Oracle’s plans for Java 7, and outlined its concerns about the Java 8 JSR.

# Stephen Colebourne outlined the choices facing Java Community Process executive committee voters: pragmatism or bust, before later proposing a third option: a split in the Java Community Process between core and ecosystem projects.

# Gary Kovacs was named the new CEO of the Mozilla Corporation.

# New Relic raised $10m in series C funding.

# Oracle maintained its commitment to OpenOffice.org and released OpenOffice.org 3.2.1 and OpenOffice.org 3.3 Beta.

# SkySQL formally launched its services and support for the MySQL database with the release of SkySQL Enterprise.

# Android drove $1bn ad revenue for Google.

# Ross Gardler described the Apache Software Foundation’s open development methodology.

# Red Hat updated its messaging, realtime and grid technologies with the release of Red Hat Enterprise MRG 1.3.

# Actuate’s Nobby Akiha offered some advice for closed source companies transitioning to open source.

# OSSCube released OSSCube Voice – an open source integration of Asterisk and SugarCRM.

# StumbleUpon confirmed plans to open source OpenTSDB: a scalable time series database built on top of HBase.

# SugarCRM claimed 60% revenue growth in Q3.

# Civic Commons asked What’s the return on investment for open?

# The Free Software Foundation announced the criteria for its hardware endorsement program.

# Adobe’s Dave McAllister discussed why it and other software vendors, release open source code.

# Engine Yard formalized its support for fog, the cloud computing library for Ruby applications.

# The Linux Foundation’s survey suggested Linux adoption over next five years will outpace Windows.

# Datameer announced the general availability of its Datameer Analytics Solution for Hadoop.

# SGI announced support and benchmarks for VoltDB’s Database.

# Ingres announced the availability of Ingres Database 10.

# Vyatta integrated Sourcefire Intrusion Prevention System rules.